硬壳柯壳斗科柯属
Lithocarpus hancei (Benth.) Rehd. (Fagaceae)
90. 硬壳柯 赤皮杠(台湾),酒枹(江西),棒椆(湖南),石山槁(广西)图版54
名称文献:Lithocarpus hancei (Benth.) Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 1: 127. 1919; A. Camus, Chenes 3: 799. 1954, Atlas pl. 415, f. 25-33. 1048; 海南植物志2: 355. 1965;中国高等植物图鉴1: 433, 图865, 1972.——Quercus hancei Benth. Fl. Honngk. 322. 1861; Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris ser. 4, 18: 230. 1873 et in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 24. 1873. ——Cyclobalanus hancei (Benth.) Oerst. in Vid. Selsk. Sk. 5, 9: 375. 1873. ——Pasania hancei (Benth.) Schott. in Jahrb. 47: 669. 1912. ——Synaedrys hancei (Benth.) Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 30: 191. 1916. ——Quercus ternaticupula Hayata in Journ. Con. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 298. 1911. ——Lithocarpus ternaticupula (Hayata) Hayata, Gen. Ind. Fl. Form. 72. 1917; Kanehira, Form. Trees ed. 2, 116, f. 65. 1936; A. Camus, l. c. 3: 1011. 1954, Atlas pl. 475. f. 1-8. 1948;海南植物志2: 355. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 433, 图866. 1972. ——Pasania ternaticupula(Hayata) Schott. in l. c. 47: 675. 1912; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 94. 1953; 台湾植物志2: 94, 图224. 1976——Synaedrys ternaticupula (Hayata) Koidz. in l. c. 30: 198. 1916.——Cyclobalanopsis ternaticupula (Hayata) Kudo in Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. 3: 390. 1931. ——Cyclobalanus ternaticupula (Hayata) Nakai in Journ. Jap. Bot. 15: 268. 1939. ——Quercus subreticulata Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 3: 184, f. 31. 1913. ——Lithocarpus subreticulata(Hayata) Hayata l. c. 72. 1917. ——Pasania subreticulata (Hayata) Hayata, l. c. 3: 184. 1913. ——P. ternaticupula (Hayata) Schott. var. subreticulata (Hayata) Liao in Mem. Coll. Agr. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 12(2): 113. 1971. ——Quercus arisanensis Hayata, l. c. 3: 178, f. 25. 1913. ——Lithocarpus arisanensis (Hayata) Hayata, l. c. 72. 1917. ——L. ternaticupula (Hayata) Hayata var. arisanensis (Hayata) Kanehira, Form. Trees ed. 2, 116. 1936.——Pasania ternaticupula (Hayata) Schott. var. arisanensis (Hayata) Liao in l. c. 12(2): 113. 1971.——Cyclobalanopsis ternaticupula (Hayata) Kudo form. arisanensis (Hayata) Kudo in l. c. 3: 390. 1931. ——Lithocarpus matsudai Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 9: 108, f. 35. 1920. ——Synaedrys matsudai (Hayata) Kudo in l. c. 3: 388. 1931. ——Lithocarpus ternaticupula (Hayata) Hayata var. arisanensis (Hayata) Kanehira form. matsudai (Hayata) Liao in l. c. 10(2): 29. 1969. ——Pasania ternaticupula (Hayata) Schott. var. matsudai (Hayata) Liao in l. c. 12(2): 113. 1971. ——Synaedrys kuarunensis Tomiya in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 34: 346. 1944. ——L. ternaticupula (Hayata) Hayata var. subreticulata (Hayata) Liao in l. c. 10(2): 30. 1969. ——Cyclobalanopsis ternaticupula (Hayata) Kudo form. arisanensis (Hayata) Kudo in l. c. 3: 390. 1931.——Lithocarpus spicata (Sm.) Rehd. et Wils. var. mupinensis Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. tails. 3: 207. 1917. ——L. mupinensis (Rehd. et Wils.) A. Camus, Chenes 3: 1025.1954, sub. nota. ——L. omeiensis A. Camus, l. c. 3: 1024. 1954, Expl. pl. 102. 1948. ——Pasania con fernfolia Hu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 110. 1951.——P. rhododendrophylla Hu in l. c. 1: 113. 1951. ——L. jingdongensis Hsu et Qian in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5(4): 333, pl. l, f. l. 1983. ——L. viridis (Schott.) Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. wlis. 3: 210. 1916, pro parte, excl. Pl. Yunnan.——L. cuneiformis A. Camus, Chenes 3: 1043. 1954, pro parte, quoad Steward & Cheo 1022. ——L. blaoensis A. Camus in Rev. Bot. Appl. 15: 24. 1935, pro parte, quoad Poilane 24392, 30899, 32925. ——Pasania blaoensis (A. Camus) Hu in Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 99. 1940, quoad. pl. Yunnan.
形态特征:乔木,高很少超过15米,除花序轴及壳斗被灰色短柔毛外各部均无毛。小枝淡黄灰色或灰色,常有很薄的透明蜡层。叶薄纸质至硬革质,卵形,倒卵形,宽椭圆形,倒卵状椭圆形,狭长椭圆形或披针形,长与宽的变异很大,长比宽为1.2-5:1,顶部圆、钝、急尖或长渐尖,基部通常沿叶柄下延,全缘,或叶缘略背卷,中脉在叶面至少下半段明显凸起,侧脉纤细而密,支脉一再分枝并连接成小方格状网脉,通常在叶面或两面均明显(硬革质的叶片在叶背不明显),两面同色,有时干后在叶面及叶柄有白色粉霜,叶柄长0.5-4厘米。雄穗状花序通常多穗排成圆锥花序,长很少超过10厘米(则为单穗腋生);有时下段着生雌花,上段雄花,花序轴有时扭旋,雌花序2至多穗聚生于枝顶部,花柱3或2或4枚,长不到1毫米,壳斗浅碗状至近于平展的浅碟状,高3-7毫米,宽10-20毫米,包着坚果不到1/3,小苞片鳞片状三角形,紧贴,常稍微增厚,覆瓦状排列或连生成数个圆环,壳斗通常3-5个一簇,也有单个散生于花序轴上,或同一果序上有单个也有3个一簇的;坚果扁圆形,近圆球形或高过于宽的圆锥形,高8-20毫米,宽6-25毫米,顶端圆至尖,很少平坦,无毛,淡棕色或淡灰黄色,果脐深1-2.5毫米,口径5-10毫米。花期4-6月,果次年9-12月成熟。
产地分布:产秦岭南坡以南各地。模式标本采自香港。
图版54
《中国植物志》第22卷(1998)