Clinopodium urticifolium (Hance) C. Y. Wu et Hsuan (Labiatae)
5.风车草(黑龙江伊春)紫苏(河北龙关)
名称文献:Clinopodium urticifolium (Hance) C. Y. Wu et Hsuan ex H. W. Li in Act. Phytotax. 12 (2) : 201. 1974——Calamintha clinopodium Benth. var. urticifolia Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 5: 235. 1866——Calamintha urticifolia (Hance) Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 9: 83, 86. 1934; 13: 348. 1939——Calamintha chinensis Benth. var. grandiflora Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 9: 217. 1859; Korsh. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 12: 377. 1912; Komarov in ibid. 25: 376. 1907, cum f. umbrosa Komarov?; et in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 5: 272. 1908; non Calamintha grandiflora (Linn. ) Moench——Calamintha coreana Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 246. 1911——Clinopodium hinense ssp. grandiflorum Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 12: 39, f. 28. 1936, cum var. grandiflorum Hara; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 377, 1939——Clinopodium coreanum(Levi.) Hara in 1. c. 40. 1936, pro syn.——Clinopodium chinense O. Ktze. ssp. grandiflorum var. urticifolium Koidz. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 5: 120. 1936 "urticiflorum"——Calamintha clinopodium auct. non Benth. : Regel in Mem Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. VII. 4 (4) : 117. 1861——Calamintha chinensis auct. non Benth. : Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 283. 1890, p. p. ; Gilg et Loesen. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 34: Beibl. 75: 63. 1904; Korsh. Pl. Amur. 377. 1892; Palibin, Consp. Fl. Kor. 2: 29. 1900; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 374. 1907——Satureia chinensis auct. non (Benth. ) Briq. : Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 375. 1907; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 148. 1911; et in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 299. 1921; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 102. 1929, p. p.——Clinopodium chinense auct. non (Benth. ) O. Ktze.: Boriss. in Fl. URSS 21: 440. 1954.
形态特征:多年生直立草本,根茎木质。茎高25-80厘米,钝四稜形,具细条纹,坚硬,基部半木质,常带紫红色,有时近圆柱形,疏被向下的短硬毛,上部常具分枝,沿稜及节上较密被向下的短硬毛。叶卵圆形,卵状长圆形至卵状披针形,长3-5.5厘米,宽1.2-3厘米,先端钝或急尖,基部近平截至圆形,边缘锯齿状,坚纸质,上面榄绿色,被极疏的短硬毛,下面略淡,主要沿各级脉上被稀疏贴生具节疏柔毛,侧脉6-7对,与中肋在上面微凹陷下面明显隆起;下部叶叶柄较长,长1-1.2厘米,向上渐短,长约2-5毫米,腹凹背凸,密被具节疏柔毛。轮伞花序多花密集,半球形,位于下部者径达3厘米,上部者径约2厘米,彼此远隔;苞叶叶状,下部者超出轮伞花序,上部者与轮伞花序等长,且呈苞片状;苞片线形,常染紫红色,明显具肋,为花萼长2/3-3/4,被白色缘毛;总梗长3-5毫米,分枝多数;花梗长1.5-2.5毫米,与总梗及序轴密被腺微柔毛。花萼狭管状,长约8毫米,上部染紫红色,13脉,外面主要沿脉上被白色纤毛,余部被腺微柔毛,内面在齿上疏被疏柔毛、果时基部稍一边膨胀,上唇3齿,齿近外反,长三角形,先端具短芒尖,下唇2齿,齿直伸,稍长,先端芒尖。花冠紫红色,长约1.2厘米,外被微柔毛,内面在下唇下方喉部具二列毛茸,冠筒伸出,基部宽1毫米,自基部1/3向上渐宽大,至喉部宽约3毫米,冠檐二唇形,上唇直伸,先端微缺,下唇3裂,中裂片稍大。雄蕊4,前对稍长,几不露出或微露出,花药2室,室略叉开。花柱微露出,先端不相等2浅裂,裂片扁平。花盘平顶。子房无毛。小坚果倒卵形,长约1毫米,宽约0.8毫米,褐色,无毛。花期6-8月,果期8-10月。
产地分布:产黑龙江,辽宁,吉林,河北,河南,山西,陕西,四川西北部,山东及江苏;生于山坡、草地、路旁、林下,海拔300-2240米。朝鲜,苏联远东地区也有。模式标本采自我国东北(?)。