guǎng xī yóu má téng
广西油麻藤
Mucuna guangxiensis K. W. Jiang & Y. Feng Huang
分类信息
模式产地:广西南宁市马山县白山镇
形态特征
识别要点:Mucuna guangxiensis is similar to Mucuna birdwoodiana with yellowish or greenish white color of petals, but it can be distinguished from the latter one in leaflets with dense sericeous hairs on the abaxial surface (vs. glabrous or with sparse hairs on the abaxial surface) and the longer fruits (up to 70 cm) with short yellow erect hairs but without caducous bristles and paired wings along the both margins (vs. fruits up to 45 cm, with dense, spreading, dark brown or red-brown pubescence and caducous bristles; both margin with a pair of wings). It is also similar to Mucuna macrocarpa with the woody legumes with irregular longitudinal wrinkles when dry, but the petals are totally yellowish or greenish white in M. guangxiensis (vs. the standard is white while the wings and keels are purple).
形态特征:Large woody twinning liana up to 15 m long. Old stems canaliculate when dry; bark grayish brown, lenticellate; cross-section with red liquid. Branches slender, sparsely with adpressed or ± spreading pubescent hairs, canaliculate. Leaves 27‒38 cm long; petiole 11‒21 cm long, with a pulvinus ca. 1 cm long at base, sparsely covered with adpressed or ± spreading, pale or somewhat yellowish-brown pubescent hairs similar to which on the branches, with more dense hairs at base; stipules and stipels absent; petiolules 6‒7 mm, densely with adpressed yellowish sericeous hairs; rachis 3.5‒5.5 cm, with indumentum similar to petiole; leaflets thinly papyraceous or papyraceous, with abundant of adpressed pale pubescence on the adaxial surface, more dense on veins, abaxial surface with denser and longer grayish white sericeous hairs, ± spreading; lateral veins usually 6‒7 pairs, somewhat curved at apex; terminal leaflet broadly rhombic ovate to broadly ovate, 7.0‒9.3 × 11.3‒17 cm, base broadly cuneate or somewhat truncate, apex usually acuminate with an acumen ca. 4 mm long, rarely obtuse or emarginate; lateral leaflets rather asymmetrical, with the ratio of abaxial to adaxial halves 1.66‒2.20, 8.3‒15.1 × 6.5‒10.3 cm, base truncate or somewhat broadly cuneate, apex similar to which of terminal leaflet. Inflorescence a pseudoracemose, usually arising from old stems, the axis 1‒10 cm long, canaliculate, densely with adpressed or spread minute brown hairs, with 2‒3 flowers per node, the nodes spiral, the internodes 7‒15 mm long; bracts and bracteoles caducous, not seen on the specimens; pedicel ca. 1.2 cm, with dense pale pubescent hairs and sparse yellow bristles (ca. 1 mm long). Flowers 6.5‒8.0 cm long. Calyx with dense minute spreading hairs and sparse yellow caducous bristles on the outer surface, with dense adpressed hairs on the inner surface; tube ca. 17 × 8‒9 mm; the adaxial lobe formed by two entirely connate sepals, ca. 20 × 5 mm, lateral lobes ca. 5 × 5 mm, the lowest ca. 5 × 8 mm, all lobes with an acute apex. Corolla yellowish or greenish white, nigrescent when dry, each petals with a somewhat ciliate apex, standard 2.7‒3.4 × 3.0‒3.3 cm, glabrous, rounded at apex, with claw and auricles at base, claw 6‒7 mm, auricle ca. 0.3 mm; wings ca. 6 × 1.3 cm, obtuse at apex, with claw and auricle at base, adaxial surfaces densely with spread minute hairs around the base, claw 0.9‒10 cm, auricle ca. 5 mm; keels 6.0‒7.0 ×0.8‒1.1 cm, glabrous, apex at ca. 1⁄3 of the length curved, with an apex horny ca. 1 cm, base with a claw, 0.6‒1.0 cm, auricle absent. Stamens 10, diadelphous, 9+1, with 1 free and the other 9 fused at 80% of the of filaments length to form a staminal tube, dimorphic with 5 larger, sub-basifixed anthers and 5 smaller, dorsifixed anthers (including the anther on the free stamen). Gynoecium somewhat longer than stamens, ca. 9 cm, with only one carpel; ovary linear, sessile, ca. 2.5 cm long, with conspicuous groove when dry, densely with pale hairs; style ca. 5.5 cm, linear, rather sparsely covered with ± spread hairs; stigma terminal. Fruit a large woody legume, linear, 22‒70 × 4.5‒5.5 cm, not or ± constrict between seeds, the outer surface of valve densely with yellowish brown pubescence, somewhat caducous when old, bristles not seen, with longitudinal wrinkles near the margins, sometimes with a stipe at base, beaked at apex, dehiscent along one or both sutures, if dehiscent along both sutures, valves sometimes coiling after opening. Seeds 6‒15 per pod, dark brown to black, compressed, surrounded by a sponge seed stalk when in legume, ca. 3.0 × 2.5 × 0.8 cm, hilum black, length ca. 4⁄5 of the seed circumference.
生态习性
产地:广西南宁市马山县。
生境:生于石山脚下到山腰的稀疏森林中。
海拔:海拔约250米
物候:花期3-4月,果期9-10月。
功用价值
植物文化:种加词来自模式产地中国广西壮族自治区。