{ "foccname": "大麻科", "focpinyin": "da ma ke", "vol": "Vol.5", "volyear": " (2003)", "contenttitle": "Cannabaceae Endlicher", "volfamily": " >> Cannabaceae ", "familypdf": "PDF", "imgtxt": "", "Comment": "

Because all the Chinese species in this family are cultivated and are often found naturalized in disturbed habitats, it is difficult to know the true wild distributions.<p><p>Cannabaceae has sometimes been included in Moraceae or Urticaceae but is now usually recognized as a distinct family. The subfamily Celtidoideae of Ulmaceae could possibly be included within Cannabaceae (see the discussion after the Ulmaceae family description).

", "Description": "

Herbs, annual or perennial, erect or twining, dioecious or sometimes monoecious, often with cystoliths (a hard calcium carbonate structure at base of a hair). Stems furrowed or winged. Stipules free. Leaves alternate or opposite, palmately lobed or compound, sometimes simple. Male inflorescences a bracteate cymose panicle. Male flowers: pedicellate; sepals 5, free; petals absent; stamens 5, opposite sepals; filaments short; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscent by longitudinal slits. Female inflorescences a bracteate spicate cyme much reduced in <i>Cannabis</i>, pendent or erect. Female flowers: sessile; calyx appressed to ovary, membranous; petals absent; ovary 1-loculed; ovule solitary, pendulous from locule apex; style 2-parted, branches filiform. Fruit an achene, covered by persistent calyx; endosperm fleshy; embryo curved or spirally involute.

", "Authors": "

Authors:Zhou Zhekun (周浙昆) ; Bruce Bartholomew

", "Reference": "

Chang Siushih. 1998. Cannaboideae. <i>In</i>: Chang Siushih & Wu Chengyih, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 23(1): 220–224.

", "Statistics": "

Two genera and four species: N Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; two genera and four species (one endemic) in China.

", "keylist": "1Plants twining; stem with 6 ridges or wings; leaves opposite, palmately lobed or sometimes simple; stems, branchlets, and petioles with rigid 2-armed stalked hairs; female inflorescences pendent, conelike.1  Humulus 葎草属+Plants erect; stems furrowed but without 6 ridges or wings; leaves alternate or opposite on basal parts of plants, pinnately compound; stems, branchlets, and petioles scabrous but without rigid 2-armed stalked hairs; female inflorescences erect, not conel2  Cannabis 大麻属   ", "pdflink": "Cannabaceae.PDF", "sublist": "
  • Cannabis 大麻属
  • Humulus 葎草属
    • " }